Yentilation



3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(N9 Model.)

W A. PITT;

VENTILATION.

No. 268,822. Patented Dec. 12'. 18 82.

WITNESSES n. PETERS. Fhokoiilhngraphen wnhin mm o. c.

V 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. W. A.- PITT.

VENTILATION.

(Nb new.

Patented Dec.v 12, 1882.

WITNESSES:-

N. Psmz'I Plmkwmhogmphnr. Washington. n.c.

3 Sheets$heet 3.

(No Model.)

W. A. PITT.

VENTILATION.

Patented Dec. .12, 1882.

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UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE. f

\VILLIAM A. PITT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

VENTI'LATION,

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 268,822, dated December12, 1882,

Applicationfi1edJuly16,1881. (No model.) I

To all whom it may concern: I Be it known that I, WILLIAM A. Prrr, acitizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county andState of New York, have invented a new Improvement in Ventilation, ofwhich the following is a full, clear, and exact description, referencebeing bad to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the same.

The object of my invention is to provide means for exhausting the foulair directly from each room of a building, and admitting acontinuoussupply of-fresh air, and maintaining a perfect and thorough ventilationthroughout the entire house; and this object I attain by the combinationand arrangement of devices shown in the accompanying drawings, in which-A Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section of a buildingcontaining my improve ments. Fig. 2 is a central cross-section of thesame; and Fig. 3 is a plan view taken through the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. I

Like letters indicate like parts in all the vlews.

Referring first to Fig. l, a a, &c., represent the several hallways ofthe house with the stairs and doors leading into the respective rooms;and b I), &c., the interior of the rooms.

a is a vertical shaft, extending from the subcellar to and above theroofof the house, which is built preferably in the sidewall thereof, andcommunicates directly with the heating-furnace 61. Through thisshaftfresh airfrom above the-roof is supplied to the several parts ofthe building, the air being drawn down by means of a propeller, 6,located in the lower part of the shaft, to the furnace, and from thenceis conveyed to the rooms'by the furnace-fiuesff.

g is asimilar shaft, built within the rear wall or back thereof, whichextends from the top of the house down and through the cellar, andcommunicates with the basement-floor byregister-opening 1 Into thisshaft'all the foul air from the several rooms and halls is collected andexpelled out from the street-level. The vitiated air from the rooms canbe drawn directly down into this shaft, or can be first expelled intothe halls and thence on and down through register-openings into thefoul-air shaft. In the latter case the connection with the rooms andhalls is made as follows: In the floor of each room, near the outerpartition,'an opening,j, is provided, and in the ceiling of each room,with the exception of the kitchen, a similar opening, 7c, is made, bothopenings passing between the beams and leading into the hall adjoiningthe room, as shown at l l, &c. Thus each room has two outlets into thehall-one from the -floor and one from the ceiling-excepting the kitchen,which by preference has but one from the floor. The openings are allprovided with registers operated in any well-known way. When theregisters are opened the foul air escapes from the rooms .through theopenings into the hall, and from thence is drawn down through theregister 2' into thefoul-a-ir shaft 9, as clearly indicated by thearrows in Fig. 1. A powerful exhaustdraft is induced by a propeller, m,which is preferably located in the lower part of the shaft, and ispropelled by asuita-ble power an ranged in the cellar. When thepropellers are located at the top of the shafts they may be operated bywind-power. Any construction of propeller is adapted for my presentpurpose, but I prefer to use my improved reversible current-propeller,for which I have already filed application for Letters Patent.

\Vithin theside wall of the house I provide a vertical fine, a, whichleads into the main foul-air shaft 9. This flue is of decreasing size,being largest at the lower end where it communicates with the shaft 9and decreasing about one-third on the next story, and so on to the upperfloor. Register-openings o 0 connect each room with this flue. By thismeans the foul air can be drawn directly from the room into theexhaust-shaft, which in some cases may be found more desirable thanpermitting it to escape through the balls. The ventila tion will be,however, more perfect if both exhaust-openings are used together.

Doors 191? are provided in the vertical flueg and supply-shaft 0, sothat the foul air can be drawn off from the cellar into the main shaftand fresh air be admitted thereto when necessary. By opening these doorsa communication can be constantly kept up with both the exhaust andsupply shafts, and a perfect ventilation is insured in the cellar.

Ventilators r r are provided over the doors leading into the halls. s isa pipe, which leads from over the top of the kitchen-range into the mainshaft g. The purpose of this pipe is two-fold-namely, to carry o fi'from the kitchen all the surplus heat and to utilize the heated currentsto create a draft in the exhaust-shaft g.

t is a ventilating-dome, shown arranged, as usual, above the hallway,which is provided with one or more valves, u it. These valves may beopened or closed, as it is found desirable, either to retain within thehall or permit the escape of heated air outside. When the severalcommunications from the rooms to the adjoining halls are all closed andit becomes necessary to admit cooler and fresher air to the halls alonethe valves to may be opened, when a direct current will beinduced, andthe heavy and vitiated air will be drawn down into the shaft 9 andexpelled. A perfect circulation can thus be maintained in the hallswithout any connection with the rooms.

When the building is to be supplied with fresh air the propeller e atthe bottom of shaft 6 is set in motion. A volume of cool air will bedrawn down into the' furnace d, and from thence will ascend by thefluesffinto the several apartments of the house. By opening theregisters in the floor and ceiling of each room the heated and foul airwill escape through openingsj it out into the adjoining halls, fromwhich point it will be drawn down through the large iegister-opening iin the lower floor into the shaft g, and be from thence expelled eitherat the top, as shown in the drawings, or out at the'street-level, aspreferred. An additional means of escape for the foul air containedwithin the rooms is afforded by opening the registers 0 0 in the sidewall, the air then being drawn directly through the flue it into theshaft g. The exhaust of foul air and supply of fresh can be regulated atpleasure in any one part of the house,and a perfect ventilation bemaintained in all the rooms or in the halls without opening the doorsand independently of each other.

By my arrangement of flues any one room can be heated or cooledirrespective of all the others, as thefresh air is supplied directlyinto each room, and the foul air expelled therefrom through channelswhich are disconnected entirely from those of the other rooms. The mainobject in thus arranging the shaft through which the foul air isexhausted at the lowest point in the building, and at that pointcollecting and exhausting all the impure air of the house is, first, toprevent any possibility of the air from the basement ascending to theupper floors; and, second, to assist the naturally-descending volume ofheavy and foul air from the higher levels, in its course downward. Bycollecting the foul air from all parts of the house at one point, and atthe lowest level, a more perfect and thorough ventilation is insuredthroughout the entire house.

I claim- 1. In ventilating buildings, the combination of a foul-airshaft, extending into the cellar of the house and communicatingtherewith by means of an opening in the floor of the lower hall, with anair-passage arranged in the floor of each hall communicating with theadjoining room and with the room below it, and with a propeller arrangedwithin said shaft, whereby the heavy and vitiated air from the severalrooms is discharged into the halls at the lowest level, and is drawndown and exhausted at the lowest point in the building, substantially asset forth.

2. In means of ventilating buildings, the combination and arrangement ofan air-outlet provided in the floor of the room communicating directlywith an opening in, the floor of the adjoining hall, and a similaroutlet provided in the ceiling of the room similarly communicating withthe hall above, whereby the foul and superheated air from the top andbottom of the room may escape into the halls on the lowest level,substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of the shafts c and g, provided with the doors p pand registeropening 2', with the fines ff and connectingfiue a, allarranged and operating in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination of a fresh-air shaft and foul-air shaft, adapted toexhaust and discharge from the lowest point in the building, with aventilating-dome provided with one or more valves, whereby adirectcurrent can be induced from the top to the bottom of the house throughthe halls, substantially as described.

5. The combination of the foul-air shaft propeller m, register-openingi. and air-outlets jk, all arranged in the manner and for the purposesset forth.

6. In ventilating buildings,the combination of the supply and exhaustshafts c and 9, propellers eand m, fluesff, outletsj l6, andregister-opening i, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination of the foul-air shaft g, register-opening t, outletsjk, and pipe 8, substantially as and for the purpose described.

7 WILLIAM A. PITT.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM. SooTT, A. L. MCFARLAN.

